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Courage is often celebrated as a defining human virtue, but experts say it is less about fearlessness and more about purposeful action despite fear. In a recent webinar hosted by The Conversation, Miami University President Greg Crawford and Clemson University psychology professor Cynthia Pury explored what courage is, how to build courage, and why taking risks is essential for growth.
Photograph courtesy Miami University
Crawford described courage as a combination of three elements: taking calculated risks, accepting the possibility of failure, and choosing to act. Central to this process is having a clear sense of purpose, a realistic understanding of potential risks, and the resolve to move forward even when fear is present. Rather than eliminating fear, courage involves navigating it with intention.
Pury explained that courage is both innate and learned. While some level of boldness appears naturally—even in animals—courage largely depends on how individuals evaluate risks and goals. What feels courageous can vary widely from person to person, from life-saving actions to deeply personal challenges, such as overcoming trauma or facing long-held fears.
As for how to build courage, both experts emphasized that it can be developed over time. Crawford pointed to persistence and adaptability as key, noting that individuals often “get in shape along the way” by taking action before they feel fully prepared. Repeated effort, even in the face of setbacks, helps build resilience and confidence.
Failure, however, plays a complicated role. Pury noted that people tend to view unsuccessful outcomes as less courageous, even when the initial action required significant bravery. This perception can discourage risk-taking, despite the reality that growth often comes from trial and error.
In everyday life, courage can also take the form of open dialogue. Crawford highlighted the importance of engaging in difficult conversations, accepting criticism, and remaining open to differing perspectives. Similarly, Pury suggested that what is often labeled “political courage” may reflect differing beliefs about the right course of action, underscoring the value of humility and listening.
Ultimately, the discussion reinforced that experiencing extraordinary moments is not how to build courage. It is a skill that can be strengthened through intentional action, thoughtful risk-taking, and a willingness to learn from both success and failure.
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